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Al-Gharraf River
The Gharraf Canal, Shaṭṭ al-Ḥayy (Arabic: شط الحي), also known as Shaṭṭ al-Gharrāf (Arabic: شط الغرّاف) or the Hai river, is an ancient canal that connects Tigris with Euphrates in Iraq. As an Ottoman defensive line lay along the canal, it was a theater to intense military action during the First World War; e.g. the siege of Kut. Between 1934 and 1939, the Kut Barrage was constructed in the Tigris to control the water level of the river and to provide a constant inflow of water to the Shatt al-Hayy.
Other military battles that this canal has been a part of during the First World War are: the Battle of Hanna, as a place of strategical confluence; the Battle of Dujaila, as a place for communication; and the fall of the Ottomans, as a place for offensive position. All three of these are between the Ottomans and the Indian Expeditionary Force D also known as the Anglo-Indian forces. For the Battle of Hanna it was a battle between the Ottoman Army and the Anglo-Indian Forces. The Shatt al-Hayy was picked by the Ottoman Army as an advantage point. The Battle of Dujaila which was a siege of Kut and the Anglo-Indian relief force were trying to relieve the city of the Ottomans. The canal was considered a possible use by the Anglo-Indian Force to go around the Ottoman army and communicate better for them to break through the Ottoman lines. The book of the ''Fall of the Ottomans'' 〔(Fall of the Ottomans )〕 is all about the different battles the Ottoman Empire were a part of until they failed. The Shatt al-Hayy was a place for advantage for the Ottomans as an offensive position.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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